Alzheimer’s Disease Project - Toronto

Although aging a normal part of life, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not. Many individuals after the age of 65 or even before are diagnosed with AD. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that slowly destroys many abilities of the brain such as memory, thinking and even behaviours. While there are many treatments available for Alzheimer’s disease, there is no cure and the search for possible treatments, underlying mechanisms and pathology continue to be researched. Here, at Anogen, we would like to support your research on Alzheimer’s disease by offering a discount on possible treatment combos. Read our selection of exciting and new publications from 2020-2021 regarding Alzheimer’s disease.

Publications

Diagnostic Utility of Selected Serum Dementia Biomarkers: Amyloid β-40, Amyloid β-42, Tau Protein, and YKL-40: A Review

In this review paper, the authors examined several papers on the biomarker concentrations of amyloid β-40, amyloid β-42, tau protein and YKL-40. They examined several cross-sectional studies. The authors found that the results between the cognitive disorders group and control group for the amyloid β-40 and amyloid β-42 groups were incoherent. However, they found that in the patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there was increased tau protein concentration. They also found that increased YKL-40 concentration was significant in those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment which can progress to AD. The authors also found that the ratio of t-tau/Aβ-42 was also a significant biomarker in those with cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Thus, monitoring the levels of tau protein, YKL-40 or the ratio of tau/Aβ-42 may prove to be beneficial in diagnosing cognitive disorders and treating them via drugs.

Target Research Combo: amyloid B-42, tau, YKL-40

Read full article here: Pubmed, October 2020

A peripheral neutrophil-related inflammatory factor predicts a decline in executive function in mild Alzheimer’s disease

There is a suggested role of neutrophils and inflammatory proteins in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, the authors investigate the role of these neutrophils and several inflammatory proteins in Alzheimer’s disease. The inflammatory proteins they tested include, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1B) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

The authors found that all of these proteins combined created an inflammatory factor and it predicted the decline in executive function of patients with Alzheimer’s disease over the span of a year. In other words, these proteins are important biomarkers of AD and may be useful in predicting certain symptoms of the disease.

Target Research Combo: IL-8, TNF

Read full article here: Pubmed, March 2020

YKL-40 and neuron-specific enolase in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involve degeneration and inflammation of neurons. Although the processes and biomarkers underlying these processes are not fully understood. In this review paper, the authors highlight YKL-40 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) as playing a significant role in the monitoring and prognosis of many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease.

The authors discovered that the increased levels of YKL-40 are related to the progression of the pathology. Reduced levels of NSE are correlated to low metabolic activity and increased death of neurons. Thus, both of these biomarkers give good insight into the prognosis and progression of AD.

Target Research Combo: YKL-40, NSE

Read full article here: Pubmed, July 2020

Relation between alpha‐synuclein and core CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease

It is hypothesized that amyloid beta, tau protein and alpha synuclein are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and that these proteins all lead to the accumulation of one another. In this study, the authors did a follow-up of patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and while some of them remained at this stage, others progressed to Alzheimer’s disease or another neurodegenerative disease. The authors measured for amyloid beta levels, tau protein and alpha synuclein (a-syn) with the human ELISA kits.

The authors found that the a-syn levels significantly correlated with tau protein in patients with AD. The tau proteins were significantly related to AD. Due to the exclusive correlation between a-syn and tau, the authors mention adding a-syn as a protein involved in the pathology of AD.

Target Research Combo: alpha synuclein, tau,

Read full article here: Alzheimer's association, December 2020