Human IL-8 Matched Antibody Pair for ELISpot

INTENDED USE

Pre-titered capture antibody and biotinylated detection antibody matched pair for the development of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays for the quantitation of single cells releasing human IL-8.

A recommended assay protocol is provided. The dilutions of capture antibody and detection antibody is determined according to this protocol. The researcher can optimize the dilutions if it is necessary.

For laboratory research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

INTRODUCTION

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as neutrophil attractant/activating protein (NAP-1), monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (MONAP), monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF), T lymphocyte chemotactic factor (TCF) and leukocyte adhesion inhibitor (LAI), is a member of the chemokine superfamily which selectively chemoattract and activate specific leukocyte subpopulations (1,2).  All of these cytokines have four conserved cysteines and two distinguishable subfamilies.  These two subfamilies are dependent on the position of the first two cysteines, which are either separated by on amino acid (C-X-C proteins) or are adjacent (CC-protein) to each other.  The members of the two subfamilies differ in their target cell selectivity as well as the chromosomal location of their genes (chromosome 4 for the C-X-C proteins and chromosome 17 for the C-C proteins).  IL-8 belongs to the C-X-C subfamily along with platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet basic protein (PBP), connective-tissue-activating peptide III (CTAPIII), b-thromboglobulin, neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2), ENA-78 (3), three closely related MGSA/CRO gene products (GRO-a, GRO-b, GRO-g), and g-interferon-inducible protein (g-IP-10)(4).  The members of the C-C chemokines are mainly chemotactic for monocytes whereas the C-X-C chemokines except for IP10 and PF4, chemoattract and activate neutrophils.  In addition to the effect on neutrophils, IL-8 has been reported to be a less potent chemoattractant for T lymphocytes (5).

IL-8 is produced by many cells in response to inflammatory stimuli such as IL-1b or TNF-a and to various types of mitogen, lectins, crystals, viruses, and phorbol esters (PMA).  Many cell types that produce IL-8 in response to these stimuli can include:  monocytes/ macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, hepacytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, glioblatoma cells , and mesothelial cells (6).

The IL-8 predominant form secreted by stimulated monocytes has 72 residues (MW=8385), whereas the predominant form secreted by IL-1 stimulated endothelial cells has 77 residues (MW=8922).  These variants have similar biological activities, although the 72-residue form of IL-8 appears to be 2 to 10 fold more potent than the 77-residue form depending on the type of assay used (7).

Various non-infectious human diseases are known to be associated with neutrophilia and/or neutrophil infiltration into organs.  Examples of some of these human diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, immune vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (including myocardial infarction and multiple organ failure), chorioretinitis, cystic fibrosis, septic shock, acute meningococcal infections, alcoholic hepatitis and mediterranean fever (8).  The presence of IL-8 has been positively identified in gouty arthritis, psoriatic scale, plasma from adult respiratory syndrome caused by sepsis, and serum from nephrotic syndrome as well as in the joint fluids from rheumatoid arthritis.  The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from patients undergoing an asthmatic attack have been shown to spontaneously produce in vitro IL-8-like molecules.  The production of IL-8 triggers many other activities that contribute to these human diseases; however, IL-8 is not known to trigger systemic inflammatory reactions such as fever, acute phase protein induction.

This ELISpot kit is developed to detect and visualize of single cells secreting human IL-8.