Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit

RACTIVITY	Human
SENSITIVITY	<9 pg/mL
ASSAY RANGE	31.3-2000 pg/mL
REAGENTS PROVIDED	TGF-β1 MICROTITER PLATE BIOTIN CONJUGATE AVIDIN CONJUGATE TGF-β1 STANDARD  TGF-β1 CALIBRATOR DILUENT I  TGF-β1 CALIBRATOR DILUENT II WASH BUFFER (20X/96 wells, 30X/192 wells)  SUBSTRATE A  SUBSTRATE B  STOP SOLUTION

INTENDED USE

This Human TGF-β1 ELISA kit is to be used for the in vitro quantitative determination of human transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant, and other biological fluids.  This kit is intended for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY and is not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

INTRODUCTION

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a stable, multifunctional polypeptide growth factor.  While specific receptors for this protein have been found on almost all mammalian cells examined, the effect of the molecule varies depending on the cell type and growth conditions.  Generally, TGF-β is stimulatory for cells of mesenchymal origin and inhibitory of cells of epithelial or neuroectodermal origin.  The originally described form of TGF-β, now designated TGF-β1, is only one member of a family of regulatory proteins consisting of a number of factors distantly related to TGF-β1 (30-40% sequence identity), including the activins, inhibins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and a number of more closely related proteins (70-80% sequence identity) designated TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TGF-β4, and TGF-β5. ^1-4

Most of the currently published reports on the activities of TGF-β have dealt only with TGF-β1.  In general, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 appear to be functionally equivalent in biological activity in vitro, although there seem to be differences in potency on different cell types.^5-8TGF-β1 has been found in the highest concentration in human platelets and mammalian bone, but it is produced in smaller amounts by many cells.^1,2,9 TGF-β has a wide range of biological activities.  With only a few exceptions, all cells have surface receptors for, and respond to TGF-β.^1-4 TGF-β is an important modulator of the growth, differentiation, and activities of a number of the different types of cells involved in both cellular and humoral immune responses. TGF-β is a potent suppressor of the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, thymocytes, and some immature hematopoietic cell populations.^1-4,10 TGF-β1 enhances the deposition of extracellular matrix through promotion of synthesis and inhibition of degradation.  TGF-β1 is immunosuppressive through a variety of mechanisms.¹¹ The specific action of TGF-β1 on a particular cell depends on the exact circumstances of that cell's environment.

The most commonly used bioassays for TGF-β1 are based on its anti-proliferative effects of various cell lines, e.g., mink lung epithelial cells (CCL64) ¹² or HT-2 murine helper T cells. ¹³These assays require two days to complete and lack the specificity of distinguish between the various isoforms of TGF-β1.  Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit is a 3 hours solid phase ELISA designed to measure TGF-β1 in cell culture supernatant, serum and plasma. Results obtained using natural TGF-β1 showed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the CHO-derived kit standards.  Since TGF-β1 is not glycosylated, it is virtually certain that the Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit will provide accurate quantitation for both recombinant and natural TGF-β.

This TGF-β1 ELISA is a 3.5 hour solid phase immunoassay readily applicable to measure TGF-β1 levels in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant, and other biological fluids in the range of 0 to 2000 pg/mL.  It showed no cross reactivity with various other cytokines.  This TGF-β1 ELISA is expected to be effectively used for further investigations into the relationship between TGF-β1 and various diseases.

CITATIONS:

1. Uzawa A, Mori M et al. Cytokine and chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica: significance of interleukin-6. Mult Scler. 2010 Dec;16(12):1443-52.

2. Klaus W Frommer et al.  IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-2 on the human breast cancer cell line Hs578T. J Mol Endocrinol August 1, 2006 37 13-23.

3. LIN-LIN WANG, PING-HUA TANG et al. Expression of CD39 mRNA is altered in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic asthma. Biomed Rep. Jan 2014; 2(1): 75–78.

4. David E. Joyner et al. Potential for Modulation of the Fas Apoptotic Pathway by Epidermal Growth Factor in Sarcomas. Sarcoma. Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 847409, 15 pages.

5. Moore AB, Yu L, Swartz CD, Zheng X, Wang L, Castro L, Kissling GE, Walmer DK, Robboy SJ, Dixon D.Human uterine leiomyoma-derived fibroblasts stimulate uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation and collagen type I production, and activate RTKs and TGF beta receptor signaling in coculture. Cell Commun Signal 2010; (8):10.

6. Wang W, Qu M, Xu L, Wu X, Gao Z, Gu T, Zhang W, Ding X, Liu W, Chen YL.Sorafenib exerts an anti-keloid activity by antagonizing TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 10(94):1181-1194.

7. Schaalan MF, Mohamed WA.Determinants of hepcidin levels in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: Impact on pAKT/PTEN pathways?J Immunotoxicol. 2016 Sep;13(5):751-7.